دوستداران و علاقه مندان به یادگیری زبان انگلیسی می توانند با کلیک بر روی لینک زیر در صورت داشتن اخرین ورژن نرم افزار تلگرام وارد کانال آموزشگاه وافل شوند و از مطالب آن استفاده کنند. حضور در این کانال برای عموم آزاد و رایگان می باشد.
مطالب مرتبط:
Homonyms, homophones and homographs can bring confusion to even adults and teachers! VocabularySpellingCity can help anyone master these word groups. For clarity, we've brought them all together on one page. It makes it easier to learn the difference among the three types of words using the definitions and homonyms, homophones and homographs examples below.
| Homonyms | Homophones | Homographs |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple meaning words | Words that sound alike | Same spelling, different pronunciation, different meanings |
| the spruce tree... to spruce up... |
addition for math edition of a book |
desert = abandon desert = area of land |
| suit yourself... wore a suit... |
I want to go I like it too One plus one is two |
bass = fish bass = instrument |
| weigh on the scale... scale the wall... |
capitol building state capital |
close = nearby close = to shut |
| the price is fair... go to the fair... |
pick a flower bake with flour |
bow = to bend down bow = ribbon |
Regular plurals
The plural morpheme in English is suffixed to the end of most nouns. Regular English plurals fall into three classes, depending upon the sound that ends the singular form:
Where a singular noun ends in a sibilant sound —/s/, /z/, /ʃ/, /ʒ/, /tʃ/ or /dʒ/— the plural is formed by adding /ɨz/. The spelling adds -s, or -es if the singular already ends in -s:
You can insert a noun or pronoun after the first word:
For example: “call back”
Noun: Call back John. = OK
Noun: Call John back. = OK
Pronoun: Call him back. = OK
ask in (to invite inside)
ask out (to invite on a date)
back away (to move away)
back down (to move back)
back off (to move back)
break down (to separate into basic parts)
break off (to snap; to cancel)
break in (a baseball glove)
break up (to separate)
bring about (a change)
Simple Past
FORM
[VERB+ed] or irregular verbs
Examples:
· You called Debbie.
· Did you call Debbie?
· You did not call Debbie.
Complete List of Simple Past Forms
Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. Sometimes, the speaker may not actually mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.
Examples:
· I saw a movie yesterday.
· I didn't see a play yesterday.
· Last year, I traveled to Japan.
· Last year, I didn't travel to Korea.
· Did you have dinner last night?
· She washed her car.
· He didn't wash his car.
Simple Present
FORM
[VERB] + s/es in third person
Examples:
· You speak English.
· Do you speak English?
· You do not speak English.
Repeated Actions
Use the Simple Present to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens. It can also be something a person often forgets or usually does not do.
Examples:
We can use relative clauses to join two English sentences, or to give more information about something.
I bought a new car. It is very fast.
→ I bought a new car that is very fast.
She lives in New York. She likes living in New York.
→ She lives in New York, which she likes.
A defining relative clause tells which noun we are talking about:
A non-defining relative clause gives us extra information about something. We don’t need this information to understand the sentence.
English Pronunciation
By: Lynn Bo
1. What is an accent?
A. A carryover of speech sounds from your native language to your second language.
B. A speech or language disorder.
C. A personality trait/characteristic
2. Where should the tongue be when making the American /th/ sound?
A. behind the teeth
B. between the upper teeth and the bottom lip
C. between the teeth
D. Lying at the bottom of the mouth
Academic Writing
Instructions: To get started, click here and then on one of the Practice Topics on the left and read the introduction. Then click on the exercise links to do exercises.
Important: You should complete the Practice Topics activities before looking at the analysis of the sample essay.
Table of Contents:
TOPIC SENTENCES AND THEIR SUPPORT IN A PARAGRAPH
BUILDING A PARAGRAPH
INCORPORATING SOURCES WITHIN PARAGRAPHS
DIFFERENT TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS IN AN ESSAY
Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Consonant Table
The purpose of this page is to generate dynamic distinctive feature tables. It selects segments from the set of consonants currently found in the feature database based on three types of information: language specific phoneme sets, phonetic filters, and phonological filters. Use the three panels below to generate feature tables.
Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Consonant Table
زمان حال ساده
حال استمراری
گذشته ساده
Most grammar and style books and references speak of various ways in which the language is used. We hear of standard English and nonstandard English. We hear of formal or informal speech. What do these terms mean, and how can they help us. (Note: sometimes the words standard and nonstandard are capitalized when used in this context. Whichever way you choose, be consistent.)
Where Does This Come From?
Different languages and cultures will look to various authorities to set standards for their language. In some cases there are none. Let me use a few illustrations from other lands and languages.
In
Rules for Prepositions in, on, at, to
by Rick Shur
Basic Rules for Time
A. at a time
B. on a day
C. in a month (season, year, decade, century)
Basic Rules for Place
D. at an address
E. on a street
F. in an area (neighborhood, town, borough, state,
country, continent, ocean, world, universe)
Special Rules
1. look at and listen to
2. to with verbs of desire, necessity, expectation
love to, like to, hate to, want to, need to, have to,
hope
to, expect to
3. at night
in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
4. on transportation
on the bus, on the train, on the subway, on a plane,
on a
jet, on a ship, on a bicycle, on a motorcycle, on a
surfboard, on a
skateboard
Hi! That's an interjection.
"Interjection" is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.
Here are some interjections with examples:
Nonprogressive Verbs
Although these verbs are happening at the present, in this very moment, they use simple present tense. These verbs talk about or describe mental states, emotional states, possession, sense perceptions, or other existing states.
|
Mental States |
|
Know, suppose, imagine, think, realize, feel, doubt, need, understand, want, remember, prefer, believe, recognize, think |
|
Emotional States |
|
Love, dislike, mind, like, appreciate, fear, envy, care, hate |
|
Possession |
|
have*, possess, own, belong |
|
Sensory Perception |
|
Hear, taste*, smell*, see*, feel* |
|
Other Existing States |
|
Seem, look , exist, owe, be, contain, cost, include, consist of, appear, weigh |
Verbs that change meaning according to tense:
I think you are nice. (Opinion)
I am thinking about that problem. (Action – considering)
She feels sick. (Health)
She is feeling the cat’s fur. (Action – touching)
I have a new car. (Possession)
Expressions with the progressive tense.
I am having a good time. I am having lunch. (Eating) I am having a baby. I am having trouble with this. I am having a party.
You look beautiful. She looks cold. (Perception)
I am looking for my keys. I am looking out the window. (Action)
This soup tastes wonderful. (Perception)
The cook is tasting the soup. The chef is tasting the dish. (Action)
You appear to be ill. You look like you’re ill. (Perception)
He is appearing on stage in Vegas. (Action)
This soup smells great! (Perception)
Look at John. He is smelling the roses. (Action)
He weighs too much. (State – condition)
He is weighing the vegetables. (Action)
I see the car. (Perception)
I am seeing a doctor. (Consulting/visiting) I am seeing Bob. (Dating)
He is a nice person. (State – condition)
He is being nice. (Action = behaving; a temporary characteristic)
He is being foolish, nice, kind, lazy, careful, patient, silly, rude, polite, and impolite. (Some of the most common – expressions)
The present continuous tense
The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:
|
A temporary action happening now |
Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future) |
|
A definite plan for the future |
Something we intend to do, usually in the near future |
Here are some examples:
|
Type of action |
Examples |
Explanations |
|
Temporary action happening right now |
John is winning the game. |
Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't finished yet. |
|
It's raining outside. |
It's raining right now (but it may stop soon). | |
|
Soraya's working in the library. |
She's working there right now. | |
|
Sihol is spending Christmas with his family. |
He's spending Christmas with his family right now, this year. (Maybe next year he won't.) | |
|
Definite plan for the future |
I'm playing soccer tomorrow. |
This plan is already arranged and definite. |
|
Sarah's leaving for |
She has probably already bought her ticket. | |
|
The Olympics are taking place here next year. |
This is already certain. | |
|
I'm having a party next week. |
All the plans have been made. |
When you are sure you understand the topic clearly, you can click on "First exercise" to continue.
The simple present tense
The simple present tense is used for two main types of action:
|
Habits |
Actions which happen regularly (every day, every week, etc.) |
|
States |
Things which do not often change (opinions, conditions, etc.) |
Some examples will help to make this clearer:
|
Type of action |
Examples |
Explanations |
|
Habit |
Young-Mi goes to class every day. |
"Every day" is a habit. |
|
It rains a lot in |
This means that it rains often. | |
|
|
"Always" means this is a habit. | |
|
Jerry spends Christmas with his parents. |
This implies that he spends Christmas with his parents every year. | |
|
State |
Bianca lives in |
This is a state, because it doesn't change. |
|
Jean-Paul has red hair. |
Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change. | |
|
Martin likes chocolate. |
When we like something, usually we will always like it. | |
|
Anna believes in God. |
Beliefs and opinions are states. They don't often change. |
The simple present tense is often confused with the present continuous tense.
این وبلاگ را در مهر 1385 برای کمک به دانشجویان ادبیات انگلیسی راه اندازی کردم