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English Pronunciation تلفظ در زبان انگلیسی  

موضوع: Grammar چهارشنبه بیست و پنجم شهریور 1388

English Pronunciation

By: Lynn Bo

  

1. What is an accent?

A. A carryover of speech sounds from your native language to your second language.

B. A speech or language disorder.

C. A personality trait/characteristic


2. Where should the tongue be when making the American /th/ sound?

A. behind the teeth

B. between the upper teeth and the bottom lip

C. between the teeth

D. Lying at the bottom of the mouth


ادامه مطلب
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An Academic Writing Module: Paragraphs  

موضوع: Grammar دوشنبه بیستم خرداد 1387

Academic Writing

Instructions: To get started, click here and then on one of the Practice Topics on the left and read the introduction. Then click on the exercise links to do exercises.

Important: You should complete the Practice Topics activities before looking at the analysis of the sample essay.

Table of Contents:

TOPIC SENTENCES AND THEIR SUPPORT IN A PARAGRAPH

BUILDING A PARAGRAPH

INCORPORATING SOURCES WITHIN PARAGRAPHS

DIFFERENT TYPES OF PARAGRAPHS IN AN ESSAY


ادامه مطلب
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Introduction to Segmental Phonology آوا شناسی 

موضوع: Grammar دوشنبه سی ام اردیبهشت 1387

Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Consonant Table

The purpose of this page is to generate dynamic distinctive feature tables. It selects segments from the set of consonants currently found in the feature database based on three types of information: language specific phoneme sets, phonetic filters, and phonological filters. Use the three panels below to generate feature tables.

 

Introduction to Segmental Phonology: Consonant Table

 


ادامه مطلب
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زمان حال ساده حال استمراری گذشته ساده 

موضوع: Grammar چهارشنبه بیست و ششم دی 1386

زمان ها در زبان انگلیسی

زمان حال ساده

حال استمراری

گذشته ساده


ادامه مطلب
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Writing Styles and Standards in English 

موضوع: Grammar سه شنبه بیست و پنجم دی 1386

Writing Styles and Standards in English

 

Most grammar and style books and references speak of various ways in which the language is used. We hear of standard English and nonstandard English. We hear of formal or informal speech. What do these terms mean, and how can they help us. (Note: sometimes the words standard and nonstandard are capitalized when used in this context. Whichever way you choose, be consistent.)


Where Does This Come From?

Different languages and cultures will look to various authorities to set standards for their language. In some cases there are none. Let me use a few illustrations from other lands and languages.
In China, the standard pronunciation for Mandarin Chinese is the dialect of the Xi'an region. This was an early capital of the China, and so most Chinese see it as closest to the origin of the language.
France established the French Academy to rule on what is proper in the French language. The Academy sets the standards, and the French textbooks follow them. Since the 1960's when most French colonies became independent, the French Academy has included members from former colonies so that the standards are applied as widely as possible.


ادامه مطلب
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Rules for Prepositions in, on, at, to  

موضوع: Grammar سه شنبه سیزدهم شهریور 1386

Rules for Prepositions in, on, at, to

by Rick Shur


Basic Rules for Time

A. at a time

B. on a day

C. in a month (season, year, decade, century)

Basic Rules for Place

D. at an address

E. on a street

F. in an area (neighborhood, town, borough, state,
country, continent, ocean, world, universe)

Special Rules

1. look at and listen to

2. to with verbs of desire, necessity, expectation

love to, like to, hate to, want to, need to, have to,
hope
to, expect to

3. at night

in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening

4. on transportation

on the bus, on the train, on the subway, on a plane,
on a
jet, on a ship, on a bicycle, on a motorcycle, on a
surfboard, on a
skateboard


ادامه مطلب
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اصوات و حروف ندا در انگلیسی 

موضوع: Grammar پنجشنبه هجدهم مرداد 1386

Interjections

Hi! That's an interjection.

"Interjection" is a big name for a little word. Interjections are short exclamations like Oh!, Um or Ah! They have no real grammatical value but we use them quite often, usually more in speaking than in writing. When interjections are inserted into a sentence, they have no grammatical connection to the sentence. An interjection is sometimes followed by an exclamation mark (!) when written.

Here are some interjections with examples:


ادامه مطلب
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Nonprogressive Verbs 

موضوع: Grammar یکشنبه سی ام مهر 1385

Nonprogressive Verbs

 

Although these verbs are happening at the present, in this very moment, they use simple present tense.  These verbs talk about or describe mental states, emotional states, possession, sense perceptions, or other existing states.

 

Mental States

Know, suppose, imagine, think, realize, feel, doubt, need, understand, want, remember, prefer, believe, recognize, think


Emotional States

Love, dislike, mind, like, appreciate, fear, envy, care, hate

 

 

 

 

 

Possession

have*, possess, own, belong

 

 

 

 

Sensory Perception

Hear, taste*, smell*, see*, feel*

 

 

 

 

Other Existing States

Seem, look    , exist, owe, be, contain, cost, include, consist of, appear, weigh


 

 

 

 

 

 

Verbs that change meaning according to tense:

 

I think you are nice. (Opinion)

I am thinking about that problem. (Action – considering)

 

She feels sick. (Health)

She is feeling the cat’s fur. (Action – touching)

 

I have a new car. (Possession)

 

Expressions with the progressive tense.

 

I am having a good time.  I am having lunch. (Eating)  I am having a baby.  I am having trouble with this.  I am having a party.

 

You look beautiful. She looks cold. (Perception)

I am looking for my keys. I am looking out the window. (Action)

 

This soup tastes wonderful. (Perception)

The cook is tasting the soup.  The chef is tasting the dish. (Action)

 

You appear to be ill. You look like you’re ill. (Perception)

He is appearing on stage in Vegas. (Action)

 

This soup smells great! (Perception)

Look at John.  He is smelling the roses. (Action)

 

He weighs too much. (State – condition)

He is weighing the vegetables. (Action)

 

I see the car. (Perception)

I am seeing a doctor. (Consulting/visiting) I am seeing Bob. (Dating)

 

He is a nice person.  (State – condition)

He is being nice. (Action = behaving; a temporary characteristic)

He is being foolish, nice, kind, lazy, careful, patient, silly, rude, polite, and impolite. (Some of the most common – expressions)

 

Nonprogressive Verbs or Nonaction Verbs

Exercise

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The present continuous tense حال ساده استمراری 

موضوع: Grammar سه شنبه بیست و پنجم مهر 1385

The present continuous tense

 

The present continuous tense is used for two main types of action:

 

A temporary action happening now

Something which is going on right now (but it will stop in the future)

A definite plan for the future

Something we intend to do, usually in the near future

Here are some examples:

Type of action

Examples

Explanations

Temporary action happening right now

John is winning the game.

Right now, John is winning, but the game isn't finished yet.

It's raining outside.

It's raining right now (but it may stop soon).

Soraya's working in the library.

She's working there right now.

Sihol is spending Christmas with his family.

He's spending Christmas with his family right now, this year. (Maybe next year he won't.)

Definite plan for the future

I'm playing soccer tomorrow.

This plan is already arranged and definite.

Sarah's leaving for San Francisco on Friday.

She has probably already bought her ticket.

The Olympics are taking place here next year.

This is already certain.

I'm having a party next week.

All the plans have been made.

When you are sure you understand the topic clearly, you can click on "First exercise" to continue.

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The simple present tense حال ساده  

موضوع: Grammar سه شنبه بیست و پنجم مهر 1385

The simple present tense

 

The simple present tense is used for two main types of action:

 

Habits

Actions which happen regularly (every day, every week, etc.)

States

Things which do not often change (opinions, conditions, etc.)

 

Some examples will help to make this clearer:

 

Type of action

Examples

Explanations

Habit

Young-Mi goes to class every day.

"Every day" is a habit.

It rains a lot in Vancouver.

This means that it rains often.

Santos always talks about his family.

"Always" means this is a habit.

Jerry spends Christmas with his parents.

This implies that he spends Christmas with his parents every year.

State

Bianca lives in Florida.

This is a state, because it doesn't change.

Jean-Paul has red hair.

Someone's hair colour doesn't usually change.

Martin likes chocolate.

When we like something, usually we will always like it.

Anna believes in God.

Beliefs and opinions are states. They don't often change.

The simple present tense is often confused with the present continuous tense.

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